Diploma of IT
Monday, December 8, 2008
ICAD4217B Create technical documentationThere are many reasons for maintaining a complete and up-to-date library of systems and procedures for documentation. Without documentation that has meaning to the users, time may be wasted dealing with technical problems by duplicating answers to problems that have already been solved.Other reasons for creating accurate, complete technical documentation include to:
pass an audit, or quality certification
create an accurate record of an organisation’s systems
record maintenance
identify the need to upgrade systems
provide records for future decisions
provide workers and stakeholders with a database for their jobs
ensure work and service quality is consistent when staff changes occur
add value to the organisation’s business and service.
Technical documentation provides a record of the functionality and processing of a system, program, network or application. The technical documentation should document how the system, program, network or application is structured, how it works and changes that have been made to it.
Task 1: Determine documentation standards
Activity 1: The uses of technical documentation
Q: Make a list of ten objects that you can see or feel from where you sit, that have technical documentation associated with them.
A: Answers for this question will vary, there are some example following:
When you switched on your computer, a technical document (a log in the computer’s memory) was created.
The software you are using was installed using technical documentation.
When you switch on your lights, a record is kept for billing purposes.
The chair you sit on was made from a plan.
The mobile phone on your desk has a help function.
When the chair was made, a quality check was recorded.
The air you breathe is monitored for pollution records.
The time on the clock is set to an agreed, international standard.
The clothes you wear were made to a pattern.
Your health is recorded in doctor’s files.
Activity 2: Identify documentation standards
Q: Identify at least two industry standards that relate to documentation. Use search terms such as: standards, documentation, technical, industry in your preferred search engine.
A: International Standards Organisation ISO 9000 Quality Standards (which is a family of different standards) that requires the processes involved in technical documentation to meet a certain level of quality, theses standards concern quality management systems. The Australian Standard AS ISO 10013-2003 relates to the documentation for the quality management system. ISO 14000 standards relate to environmental aspects of processes and can relate to such things as disposal and storage of documents and the media chosen for publishing documents. The ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 families of standards are those from which many organisation-based standards are derived.
There are many standards that can apply to software used by documentation and used in the delivery of documentation. Two groups of specific standards that relate to the design and production of technical documentation are the Australian Standards for Editing Practice produced by the Institute of Professional Editors (IPed), formerly the Council of Australian Societies of Editors (CASE), and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) onscreen accessibility guidelines. You may have found others that relate more specifically to your own study or work area.
Task 2: Determine technical documentation requirements
Activity 1: Documentation for programs
Note the following scenario:
Your organisation’s software development team has been complying with all the documentation requirements for the development of new programs, except for one issue.
The comments in their code, telling others what they’re trying to do with their program are random, cryptic, and inconsistent.
You are asked to write specifications for comments in programs. The conventions should apply to any of the languages used by the programmers for the organisation. The constraints and rules imposed on programs should be as simple as possible.
Q: What are some specifications that could be used for commenting within a program? Interview someone working in software programming or search the web for some sample specifications.
A: The specifications for comments within the code could include that:
an overall comment should be included at the start of the program to identify the framework of the program or changes to the program
comments should be used to describe the code that is not apparent
all comments should be preceded by a blank line
arguments should be commented if they are not clear
comments should be aligned with the code.
Activity 2: Documentation requirements
Q: Think about the last time you purchased something that required installation or that you had to put together yourself. Did it come with instructions? Were the instructions complete, comprehensive, useful, coherent, accurate, accessible and clear? Did they help you or did you not refer to them at all?
A: The answer is depending on the product that i have bougth, if that product was the thing i have been used before. I am ever read or look at the instructions. However, if the product is come with the new technology or i never been use it for long time or that product is quite expensive. I might read through very quick to get some useful information.
Activity 3: The pros and cons of paper
Q: There are probably times when you would use one medium in preference to another. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of paper-based documentation as a means of learning about a program or a system?
A: Some of the advantages of paper-based documentation include:
most people feel comfortable with books—they can write notes in them and they can read them without a computer
they have the benefit of using the actual software while following the manual
paper as a physical medium is easily handled by the user
novice users, or those who are not computer literate may not be able to use on-line help
paper-based documentation allows the user to add in their notes and bookmarks
manuals can be modular to target the needs of various user groups
paper-based documentation is portable, and production costs are less when compared to some other forms of digital media (DVDs etc)
paper can sometimes offer greater detail than other media.
Some of the disadvantages of paper-based documentation include:
paper deteriorates physically over time with use
a manual is more difficult to update and provide flexible access methods
it can not include sound or animation
the physical size of a manual can be intimidating, which can put people off
paper documentation must be massive to be able to cater for all the user needs, but individual users will usually only use parts of it
it may cause the user to shift concentration from what they are doing to the manual.
Activity 4: The pros and cons of digital media
Q: What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of digital or computer-based documentation (other than video) as a means of learning about a program or a system?
A: The advantages of computer-based documentation include that:
it can be flexible, provide vast amounts of information, and can integrate sound, text and animation
it can be context-sensitive, providing help directly relevant to the function being used or to the task
it is of great value in training and in advanced help features, like wizards and cue cards
it is easy to update and revise, efficient to store, and cheap to distribute
it can allow interaction
no paper is needed
it has cheaper packaging (CDs)
immediate reference is possible (you don’t have to search for the manual).
The disadvantages of computer-based documentation include that:
it requires computer literacy
it often requires various plug ins to access files
the computer screen places limitations on use
it may require swapping from the task to the documentation, causing distraction from the task at hand
as video it can take up large amounts of memory and be cumbersome to download.
Activity 5: The pros and cons of video
Q: Describe some and advantages and disadvantages of using video-based documentation to learn about a program or system?
A: The advantages of video-based documentation include that:
it can provide a rehearsed and thorough demonstration or walk-through of a software application
it best suited for presenting animation, sound, graphics and ‘real-life’ presentations
it is good for training and promotion
learner retention is generally higher than for printed media (it is generally more engaging)
suitable for groups as well as individuals
DVDs are inexpensive and easy to distribute (although development costs may be high)
no paper is needed.
The disadvantages of video-based documentation include that:
video requires specialist equipment and personnel to produce; the cost may be high for complex, multimedia material
sequential access—while video is good for demonstrating sequential tasks, it is unsuitable for random access tasks as found for example in reference guides
it is non-interactive and does not cater for different levels of users
it can be easy to pirate
it is expensive to update—a new video must be produced (rather than a new version of a paper of digital print resource)
documentation is less detailed if reliant on video only.
Task 3: Design technical documentation
Activity 1: Types of documents
Q: Recall or identify different types of technical writing or documentation. Try to make a list of 15 different documents. Use an internet search engine to assist you in this activity, if you need to.
A: Table of technical writing or documentation examples—you may have listed other documents, which is fine.
Activity 2: Technical documents
Q: What technical documents have you seen or used? Note down as many as you can, the list may help you later. Alongside each document, note the good points, and any that you remember as not being helpful at all. Why were documents of a poor standard or with no standards less useful?
A: Documents at home might include:
assembly instructions for do-it-yourself furniture
the manual that came with your computer
the blueprint for a house
a text book for software development
specifications sheet for your camera
Documents at work might include:
system functional requirements with flow charts
network diagrams
computer programming language syntax manual
functional requirements for a web site
project work break down structure.
Other comments you have made might vary even more greatly; yet you may have noted how documents of a high standard make it easier to understand, access and use technical information.
Activity 3: Information online
Consider the following scenario and do some research.
You are going to place documentation on the organisation’s intranet web site. You have two types of information to go on the site, with different audiences for each one. One type is technical documentation for software development and the other type is a manual about the use of that software. Even the words they use in different systems are different. You research the internet to find information that helps you decide how each different type of information might be treated on the site.
Q: Give a general outline of how the two different types of technical documentation in the scenario might be placed within the information architecture of a web site.
A: The software manual is technical information for technicians but also for users, it could be organised as a series of pages from a contents list or index and it might also have a glossary, index and search features for the general user. Glossary items might also be given their own pop-ups so that users can check terms as they go. Procedural parts of the manual might also be structured as a series steps that the user progresses through after they have checked the ‘next’ button (like those used in installation procedures).
The software development material is for an audience of technical readers or specialists, most likely IT staff. It might be accessible from a general navigation bar as the same level as the manual and provided as a choice of HTML pages or PDF files to select and download from a menu. For maintenance, a technician needs to find a procedure quickly, without all the solutions to other problems. They need to access information selectively. Individual specification sheets that can be downloaded and printed, or network diagrams, might be part of the documentation, for instance. Links to the software development documentation might also be placed at different relevant places in web pages for the software manual, effectively then at a lower level, and being there when users or specialists need additional, more technical information.
Activity 4: Documentation case study—functional specifications
Q: Research the Internet and find some information that helps you with the design of the technical documentation required for ‘functional specifications’ for software development. What sort of documentation would be required?
A: A functional specification for software developers is a formal document used to describe in detail a program’s intended capabilities, appearance, and interactions with users.
The functional specification is a kind of guideline and continuing reference point as the developers write the programming code. Typically, the functional specification for an application program with a series of interactive windows and dialogs with a user would show the visual appearance of the user interface and describe each of the possible user input actions and the program response actions.
A functional specification may also contain formal descriptions of user tasks, dependencies on other products, and usability criteria. Many companies have a guide for developers that describes what topics any product’s functional specification should contain.
Task 4: Produce technical documentation
Posted by LeK_kY at
3:46 PM Sunday, November 30, 2008
ICAD4043A Develop and present a feasibility reportAssessment informationWelcome to the unit Develop and present a feasibility report (ICAD4043A). This unit is about researching and presenting a range of feasible scenarios or solutions for a client's business problem.
In this unit, you’ll do 5 tasks for a fictional manufacturer of small electrical appliances, NewElectrix. These tasks will allow you to demonstrate your skills and knowledge in Developing and presenting a feasibility report.
To do these tasks you’ll need to be able to:
Analyse data and document client requirements
Identify alternative solutions
Examine alternative solutions against project constraints
Develop and document a feasibility report
Obtain client sign off on documentation
Task 1: Create a requirements documentActivity 1.1: Data flow diagram
Figure 1: Data flow diagram
Q: Which guidelines have not been followed in the above data flow diagram?
A: There are some example of unfollow guidelines of this diagram.
Process description must have a verb – appointment diary does not explain what this process does.
Data flow description must only use a noun – check appointment does not describe the data that is coming from the data store.
The data store must have a name
Appointment confirmation data cannot go from the data store directly to the patient, it must go through a process.
No data goes into the data store – if nothing goes into it we cannot get anything out of it!
Activity 1.2: Create a Diagram 0
Create a Diagram 0 for the following system.
In a payroll system the time cards are submitted by the employees, pay cheques are issued to the employees, and information on the employee is given to the Tax Department. Further investigation reveals the following major functions:
Hours worked are verified against the time card file.
Salary deductions are calculated using the tax table file.
Pay cheques are prepared and sent to the employee.
A tax report is prepared and sent to the tax department.
A: There is no one correct answer for a DFD but it should have the same external entities, data, data flows and processes.
Activity 1.3: Research CASE tools
There are many different CASE tools on the market which automate the business process and data modelling of the system, and provide tools for recording the information. Go to the Queens University School of Computing archives website:
http://www.cs.queensu.ca/Software-Engineering/case.html and choose the Case tools by category search. You could also try itmWEB:
http://www.itmweb.com/case.htm. Have a look at two or three different CASE tools and find one that covers the ‘upper’ CASE area that we would use in the information gathering phase of a project.
Q: Write a short report of its features and functions.
A: The following is a sample format for a report on a CASE tool, showing the main points that should be included.
A sample report should contain the following sections:
Product name and vendor – cost of the tool, if available
Parts of the SDLC that it can be used in
Functions, e.g. 1) Requirements management, including operational, system, user, functional, and non-functional requirements. 2) Decomposition and merging of requirements. 3) Requirements evolution
Features, e.g. 1) Requirements can be automatically captured from existing documents using Word / Excel plug-ins 2) Requirements can be organised and analysed using search, selection, decomposition and merge tools. 3) Changes can be managed by version control tools. 4.) Graphics and video can be integrated from other desktop tools. 5) Automatic logging of edits
Task 2: Identify alternative solutions
Activity 2.1: Preparing a business solution
Consider the following scenario and write a brief response to each of the four questions below. Think about what will you need to consider and document to prepare possible business solutions.
Scenario
Widgets-R-Us have had a good five years. Since their launch they have grown to become one of Australia's top 20 Widget manufacturers. They are looking to expand their head office - they currently lease half a floor in a city skyscraper and are planning to take over the lease of the whole floor in six months time.
Before they proceed with the expansion, they have asked your IT company to provide three options for installing an IT network in the new office area. There will be 30 new employees moving into the space.
They would like you prepare a feasibility report for the planned network installation.
Q1: What do you need to know before you can begin to look at alternatives for this network installation?
A1: The information given here is very general in nature. Your task will be made easier if you can identify specific restraints and client needs for the project.
Restraints and client needs you need to consider might include:
Budget - how much do they want to spend?
Time frame - when is the implementation needed and does installation need to occur at a time when business will not be effected?
Scope of the project - are they looking for just the network infrastructure (just cabling and network hardware) or a complete solution (including supply of all new desktop computers and software)?
Technical requirements - consider internet capacity, networking, data transfer speeds, storage and processor capacity, security etc.
Hardware requirements - is a new server needed? What kind of computers are needed?
Usage requirements - what will the new computers be used for (for example, graphic applications demand greater computing capacity than accounting programs)
Existing systems - how will the new installation fit with the existing set-up?
Ongoing support - are there existing service agreements for IT support?
This is not a comprehensive list - you may be able to come up with more ideas for this.
Q2: How could you find the information referred to in Question A above?
A2: Your client requirements and the request to carry out the work will come from management of the organisation. If there is an existing IT department you will talk to them about their projected needs and the existing systems that need to be considered.
You may also need to make your own enquires among staff about specific IT needs.
Seek out existing technical documentation for the organisation's IT infrastructure and IT usage policies.
Methods you use to gather information can include interviews, questionnaires, document research, etc.
Activity 2.2: Business requirements
Q: Consider following small case study for Companion Pensioners Insurance and answer the following question.
Case study: Companion Pensioners Insurance
Last year, the insurance companies Civic Care and Your Insurance merged to form the specialist pensioners insurance company, Companion Pensioners Insurance. The following is an extract from the CEO’s report to the section heads of Companion Pensioners Insurance:Since the merging of our two companies we have experienced great difficulties in integrating business practices and procedures. This is especially true in more remote branch offices.The incorrect processing of customer requests has caused a backlog of unprocessed paper work, creating increased customer dissatisfaction. It is taking well over three weeks for requests to return to our customers, when it should be less than two.
We are considering using the existing corporate IT infrastructure to implement a centralised database of policies and procedures, accessed from the corporate Intranet. The job of maintaining policies and procedures will be handed to our Human Resources department.Some of the business requirements that were identified as relevant to the selection of new technology included:
Compatibility with existing operating systems and networking software
Interoperability with existing corporate intranet
Maintainable by staff with basic computer literacy skills (HR staff and branches)
Centralised database accessed from multiple sites.
A series of product criteria tests were devised. The following is a list of tests that failed in the inspection of the new corporate intranet system:
After logging on, users could not access their details from the online personnel system displayed on the web page.
Ferndale branch staff could not access the procedures menu, select the list facility, or display the list of procedures.
Windows XP would not load the plug-in for intranet access.
A: The business requirements that were not met include:
Interoperable with existing corporate intranet
Centralised database accessed from multiple sites
Compatible with existing operating systems and networking software
Activity 2.3: Sourcing alternative solutions
Accenture is a large multinational company that specialises in outsourcing projects for a wide variety of industries. Go to their website and have a look at some of their outsourcing services. Read the description of their outsourcing project for the Sarah Lee company. (Got to:
http://www.accenture.com.au/, then select 'Services', then 'By subject', 'Outsourcing', 'Application outsourcing', then look for the Sara Lee project).
Q: What strategy did Sarah Lee use to decide on their final "e-procurement" supplier?
A: Sara-Lee ran a double trial of two potential systems before deciding on the system that most closely matched their needs and delivered extra benefits in getting cheaper access to suppliers.One key point of this activity is that when preparing a feasibility study, it is often worth carrying out extensive research on each alternative before deciding on the best solution.
Task 3: Examine alternative solutions against constraints
Activity 3.1: Perform a cost/benefit analysis
Suppose we had a proposed project with a $7,000 development cost. The operating costs of the new system are $1500 per annum and the operating costs of the old system are $5000 per annum.
Using an Excel spreadsheet, calculate the payback period, the NPV and the ROI over a five year period, assuming an interest rate of 5%.
Q: Based on your results, is the proposed system economically feasible? Should the project go ahead?
A:
Investment = $7000Net benefit p.a.: $5000 - $1500 = $3500
Table: Present and Cumulative values
Development cost = $7,000
Payback period = No of years for development cost = cumulative value of savings2 years = $6,507.94portion of 3rd year = (7000—6507.94)/3023.43 = 0.16Payback period = 2.16 years
NPV = cumulative savings—development costNPV = $8,153.17Return on investment = NPV/development costROI = 116.47% over 5 yearsROI = 23.29% per annum
In this case the project will probably go ahead. Because, the payback period is just over 2 years, the NPV is $8153.17 and the ROI is 23.29% per annum.Task 4: Produce a feasibility report
Activity 4.1: Develop a recommendationDevelop a recommendation for the following small case study:
An organisation is trying to decide whether they should use Windows 2000 Professional or Windows XP as a desktop operating system. The business currently uses Windows 95 running on two Pentium 3 machines. The applications used include Microsoft Office 95 and MYOB version 7. There are two staff members who use the machines on a regular basis. Neither is familiar with either of the two options. Q: What issues will you need to consider?
A: This type of recommendation should cover issues such as:
hardware resources required and available
current environment
compatibility with current applications
new features that may be useful
costs of upgrading
training requirements
future directions
any benefits from upgrading. Task 5: Present a feasibility report for sign-off
Activity 5.1: Sign-off and quality managementWhere do sign-off procedures fit in with your organisation’s quality management policies?By this stage of your learning you will have discovered that some organisations use the ISO 9000 family of standards as a basis to certify the quality standards of their processes, other organisations prefer alternative measures, such as Six Sigma.
Q: Using a web search engine, research the fundamentals of ISO 9000, and find where sign-off procedures for documents fits into the system? Write a brief report on your findings (about 250 words).A: The answers are vary. Information on ISO 9000 can be found at many sites Information may include the following points:
If your organisation has quality certification, ISO 9000 sets out the requirements for your quality management system. ISO 9000 is not a standard for ensuring a product or service is of quality; rather, it verifies the quality of the process, and how it will be managed and reviewed. So ISO 900 doesn’t guarantee the quality of the technical documents, it lays out the rules for the process for sign-offHence, ISO 9000 is directly related to your organisation’s procedures for sign-off, and those procedures may vary from one organisation to another.
There are four types, or levels, of documentation you will need to manage to achieve ISO 9000 standards for sign-off. These four levels form a hierarchy. The more detailed the document, the further down it belongs in the documentation hierarchy:Table: The ISO 9000 documentation hierarchy
Fourth-level documentation includes all the records and forms which are generated by the working system.
ISO 9000 document generation and control
Under ISO 9000, every department issuing documents is free to designate its own procedures and channels for processing documents, including sign-off. This is a matter for your organisation to manage. Your management defines what your distribution network is, and who has authority for sign-off and release of procedures.
Authority—Define who has the authority to sign off on documentation changes?
Obsolete Documents—Describe what you do to these (shred, archive, etc).
Distributions—Who gets the documents?
Identification and revision—How do you identify documents? How do you track their revisions?
Appendices and forms—Do you include appendices containing extra reference materials pertaining to each document for sign-off?
Key terms
Capacity: Ability of equipment or work groups to handle the volume of work.
CASE tool: CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools are software packages that help to automate software development.
Constraint: A factor, such as cost, that restricts the range of solutions.
Cost/Benefit Analysis: A systematic quantitative and qualitative comparison of the relative advantages and disadvantages of alternatives.
Data dictionary: A data dictionary is a centralised system for defining and storing information about the data and the processes that transform the data in some way.
Levelling: Breaking down a process in a data flow diagram into lower level processes, each with their own data flow diagram
Platform: The type of computer hardware and / or operating system. For example, Wintel; a platform combining Intel x86 compatible hardware and Windows operating system, Lintel; a platform combining Intel x86 compatible hardware and Linux operating system.
Response time: The amount of time taken to get a response from the computer to a request from the user. For example, how long it takes for the results of a query to appear on the screen after you have clicked the run option.
Standard operating environment (SOE): The standard equipment, both hardware and software, that a business uses. This may be a decision to use a specific combination of products, or all products from one supplier or vendor.
SWOT analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis – this is the process of determining where an organisation is currently positioned.
Volumes of data: The amount of data being processed by a system. For example, the number of transactions processed in a day, week etc.
Version Control: Process for organising and documenting successive changes to a document or system.
Evaluation matrix: Table created to compare several options with regards to specific functions.
Network: Equipment and software needed to link computers in order to share data.
Server: Computer that is dedicated to handling communication and/or storage needs of the other equipment in the network.
Stakeholder: A person or organisation that has a legitimate interest in a project or entity.
Feasibility Study: The process of examining a number of solutions to a business problem, and reporting on which solution, if any, is worthwhile.
Net Present Value (NPV): Using a given discount rate, the cost of the initial investment is subtracted from the present value of expected future cash flows to give the net present value.
Payback period: The period of time it takes before the cost of your investment is recouped.
Return on Investment (ROI): The return for an investment expressed as a percentage.
Risk Analysis: A process assessing the risks associated with development of a system
Posted by LeK_kY at
4:33 AM Sunday, November 16, 2008
ICAB4225A Automate ProcessesWelcome to the Automate Processes (ICAB4225A) blog. This blog will help you understand about programming.Assessment informationTo successfully complete this unit, Automate processes (ICAB4225A) this blog will be shown about automate solutions by using basic scripting processes and application-specific scripting options.Automating processes is an integral part of contemporary computing; using inbuilt scripting languages is a key part of that. Applications or systems administration personnel need to continually examine options to automate processes, to that way enhance performance.To successfully complete this unit, this blog will shown how to design and develop algorithms.Also need to be able to develop an algorithmic statement of a solution for a set process.Assessment tasks will require you to show you are able to:
Develop algorithms to represent solution to a given problem
Describe structures of algorithms
Design and write script
Verify and review script
Document script. Task 1: Identify algorithm structuresActivity 1.1: Investigate flowchart symbolsUsing a web browser, go to the Q-Skills website at:
http://www.q-skills.com/flowchrt.html. Look at ISO9004.4. Section A.6.2 which describes four basic symbols to be used in flow charts.Q: What are the four basic flowchart symbols and what do they represent?A: Following table is shown the basic flow chart symbols and they represent.
Activity 1.2: Write an algorithm demonstrating sequence
Q: Write an algorithm that will accept two numbers, add them together, multiply by 27 to the total and then display the total.
A: This figure is an algorithm that accept and add two number together, then multiply by 27 to the totlal and display the total.
Activity 1.3: Write an algorithm demonstrating selection
Write an algorithm that will accept a test mark between 0 and 100. Display the grade that the student receives based on the table below:
A: The below ficgure shows an algorithm to accept a test mark between 0 and 100 and also display the grade that the student will receives.
Task 2: Apply algorithm structure to give a solution
Activity 2.1: Create an abstract design
Q: Write an algorithm to process the pay information for employees according to the following:
To process each pay, the operator will input the hours worked and the pay rate.
Tax of 30% is to be deducted from the gross pay.
The information to be displayed is the gross pay, tax deducted and the net pay (gross pay minus tax).
After processing each pay, the operator will be prompted to process another pay. If the operator types in the character ‘y’ (uppercase or lowercase), another pay is to be processed. Any other response to this prompt will end the program.
A: This is one of the possible solution.
Activity 2.2: Review abstract design
Design a set of inputs that could be used to conduct desk-checking of the algorithm below. The test data should test program flow control, correctness of calculations and assignments to variables. The algorithm should meet the program specifications presented in Activity 1.
Q: Perform a desk-check on the algorithm using your test inputs. Does the algorithm meet the program specifications? If not, what errors did you identify?
A: According to the algorithm in 2.1 answer, This algorithm does not meet program specifications because of two problems:
Problem 1 — The gross pay is displayed twice and the net pay is not displayed.
Problem 2 — If the operator responded with uppercase Y when prompted to process another pay, the algorithm stops.
The IF and the ELSEIF both test for the lowercase ‘y’. One of them should test for uppercase ‘Y’.
Task 3: Develop and verify script language for an algorithm
Activity 3.1: Translate an algorithm to script code
Translate the following algorithm into script code using Python. Execute your script with the numbers 3 and 5.
Q: What is the result displayed by the script? Describe what the code is doing using one sentence.
A: The value displayed for result should be 12.
Activity 3.2: Identify and correct a logic error
Q: Find and correct the logic error(s) in the script.
A: There are 3 logic error followed:
Logic error 1: In the while loop, the else should not change the loop control variable (gotConvertTo) to 1. This allows any character to be entered from the keyboard and the script continues. This line should be deleted.
Logic error 2: This is more like a ‘copy and paste’ error. The code executes as it should, but the output would be misleading. The print statement in the section where the original temperature is converted to Celsius (the last if), should read Fahrenheit where it reads Celsius. It should be:
if convertTo == 'c':newTemp = temp—32 * 5/9print 'Original temperature entered was',temp,'Fahrenheit'
Logic error 3: The mathematical formula to convert to Celsius requires that 32 be subtracted from the temperature BEFORE the multiply and divide. The code should enforce a change in the order in which the calculations would be performed to allow the addition to occur first. The addition part should be in parentheses to force the addition to occur fist as shown:
newTemp = (temp—32) * 5/9
Key terms
Algorithm: A procedure or set of steps to accomplish a specific task
Computer program: The embodiment of an algorithm in a computer language, so that it can be executed on a computer
Sequence: The simplest type of flow in algorithm design, where actions are carried out in the stated order; see also ‘selection’ and ‘iteration’
Selection: A flow-pattern in algorithm design, where a choice is made about which action to perform, depending upon a logical condition; the most common selection structure is IF/ELSE; see also ‘sequence’ and ‘iteration’
Iteration: a flow-pattern in algorithm design, also known as looping or repetition; actions are performed over and over again; a loop condition determines when the loop will finish; see also ‘sequence’ and ‘selection’
Pseudocode: A language-neutral representation used to show the logic, structure, and calculations of algorithms
Variable: A container with a name, to hold values during program execution; when a variable is declared in a program, some memory is set aside to hold its value
Software development life cycle (SDLC): A procedural framework for developing computer software and information systems
Top-down design: The development of a program by dividing the original complex task into smaller, less complex tasks, and then applying the same process to each smaller task, until the tasks translate easily into code statements
Desk-check: A code testing process where the code is manually executed
Walk-through: A review of requirements, designs and or code by a group; its purpose is to analyse the programmer’s logic and assumptions
Function:A named section of code that performs a particular task
Array: A collection of data items that can be accessed using a common name and an index
Posted by LeK_kY at
7:38 PM Tuesday, November 11, 2008
ICAA4041A Determine and confirm client business expectations and needsAssessment Information To successfully complete this unit, Determine and confirm client business expectations and needs (ICAA4041A), you will need to be able to demonstrate the skills and knowledge required to determine client business requirements and verify the accuracy of the information gatheredTo do this you will need to confirm that you have sufficient knowledge of investigation, interview and documentation techniques, and the ability to produce a clear statement of business expectations and needs, including critical business requirements.Your assessment tasks will require you to show you are able to:
Determine context of business needs and problem
Gather information
Confirm system specifications1: Define and document business problems practice
In order to find a solution for a client’s business problem, it is necessary to fully define the problem in terms of its system boundaries and scope. Objectives and expected outcomes of a proposed solution must be identified and documented, along with the development methodology which is to be used. This documentation must then be submitted to the appropriate person to ensure that its contents are accurate. The skills and knowledge covered in this learning pack are:
Identify outcomes
Develop objectives
Documentation according to organisational guidelines. Activity 1: Context diagramAn external consultant has recommended the implementation of enhancements to the university’s student management system. The project brief is:‘to add functionality to the StudentPlus management system to allow student enrolments, student attendance and student marks via the intranet’The project brief also contains a broad list of the functions the system should support. They are:
Student self enrolment for classes via internet
Enrolled classes statement
List of classes for each teacher
Entry of student marks
Entry of student attendance
Results statement for each student A: This below diagram is shown the context of student and management system to allow student enrolments, student attendance and student marks via the intranet.
Figure 1: Context diagram for student plus management system2: Identify information gathering techniquesOne of the key skills in determining solutions to business problems is making sure that you first know what the problem is.While this seems an obvious statement, many clients are too close to a problem to be able to give you the information that may be essential to your role in a project. You need to be able to find the information that you require.This blog will show different techniques that can be used to gather information for a project and will help develop your skills in interviewing and active listening.Activity 2.1: Identify listening techniquesScenario ACustomer: I would like to say that the computer I bought from your store keeps breaking down.Vendor: Well, there must be something you’re doing that is not right. You’ve never used a computer before, have you? Don’t worry, you’re not the only one. I’ll see what’s wrong. I find that my customers who don’t have technical backgrounds always have trouble with their computersFeedback A: The vendor is attacking the customer as a way of avoiding the issue and shirking his responsibilities. He could, instead, ask the customer to explain what goes wrong with the computer.Scenario BClient: The machine we hired from your company has been continually breaking down over the past two weeks.Manager: What do you mean by ’continually’? Or do you mean ’continuously’? There’s a big difference between the two words. One means non-stop and the other means every now and again. Or do you mean ’constantly’?Feedback B: The manager is avoiding the issue by ’nit-picking’. He did this to try to embarrass and belittle the customer. He was able to tell from the context exactly what the customer was saying but chose not to listen or respond. He could say: ’Tell me about the last time it broke down. How were you using the machine?’Activity 2.2: Question typesQ: Name as many different types of questions as you can.A: Following are a range of question types:
reflective questions
strategic questions
open ended and closed questions
organising questions
what-if questions
probing questions
sorting and sifting questions
divergent questions
clarification questions
devil’s advocate questions
planning questions 3: Analyse data and document client requirementsThis blog will provide you with the skills and knowledge you need to analyse and document the information that you have gathered about the problem, to identify the requirements of the new system, and to check that this meets the client’s needs.The blog also includes information on how to analyse and document those requirements to determine the scope and problem or opportunity faced by the business.Analyse gathered information to identify new system requirements and establish problem specifications.
Document system requirements and problems.
Check documentation to ensure it meets client business needs.
Analyse client requirements to determine project scope, and the problem context or opportunity faced by the business.
Document the client requirements, project scope, related problems and sources of information. Activity 3.1: Data flow diagramFigure 1: Data flow diagramQ: Which guidelines have not been followed in the above data flow diagram?A: There are including of:
Process description must have a verb – appointment diary does not explain what this process does.
Data flow description must only use a noun – check appointment does not describe thedata that is coming from the data store.
The data store must have a name
Appointment confirmation data cannot go from the data store directly to the patient, it must go through a process.
No data goes into the data store – if nothing goes into it we cannot get anything out of it!Activity 3.2: Determine client requirementsQ: A spare parts business has identified the ability of customers to order parts online as an added–value requirement. What sort of added value will this provide to the business?A: There will be many possibilities that you might identify, including:
Improved customer satisfaction due to the ability to order from home or their business
Increased productivity due to faster turn around time for the customer and less time required by the spare parts staff to answer phone queries and fill in order forms
Financial benefits for the business associated with a possible reduction in the number of order entry staff neededKey termsSystem boundaries: Limits of the functionality of a system, showing interaction with other systems.Development methodology: Standardised method of developing a system.External Entity: Any system (manual or computerised), or person who interacts with the system being investigated.Hawthorne Effect: The tendency to improve performance when under observationInterviewee: The person who is being interviewedInterviewer: The person who is conducting the interview (ie asking the questions)JAD: Joint Application Design – a formal structured technique used to gather information in a group.CASE tool: CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools are software packages that help to automate software development.Data dictionary: A data dictionary is a centralised system for defining and storing information about the data and the processes that transform the data in some way.Levelling: Breaking down a process in a data flow diagram into lower level processes, each with their own data flow diagramPlatform: The type of computer hardware and / or operating system. For example, Wintel; a platform combining Intel x86 compatible hardware and Windows operating system, Lintel; a platform combining Intel x86 compatible hardware and Linux operating system.
Posted by LeK_kY at
6:06 PM Saturday, November 1, 2008
ICAA4233A Determine and apply appropriate development methodologiesUnit contents
For most tasks in this unit might undertake more than one way of carrying them out. The method I choose will depend on a variety of factors, but the most important considerations will often be which method will get the job done as quickly and efficiently as possible while ensuring that the result is the best I can achieve. Once I have identified the most appropriate method for the task, I must then make sure that I follow the method to achieve the required outcome. This involves a high level of planning to ensure that all areas have been addressed and close monitoring of the progress of the project so that it will be completed as planned.
This unit (ICAA4233A) will give you the knowledge and skills to determine and apply appropriate development methodologies for an information technology project. You will learn how to do the following:
Determine and select appropriate methodology for a given activity
Apply the selected development methodology
1: Determine and select appropriate methodology for a given activity
This blog will help you to determine and select an appropriate development methodology for a specific activity within an information technology environment.
In this topic you will learn how to:
Determine and define subject activity
Define the criteria for selection of development methodology
Review and evaluate a range of traditional and non-traditional system development methodologies
Select appropriate system methodology to suit the activity.
Determine and select appropriate methodology for a given activities
Activity 1: Knowledge of the client business domainVisit the Coca-Cola website (
http://www2.coca-cola.com/ourcompany/index.html) and read the company’s welcome statement. Does it give you a clear idea of the company’s core business? Which of the business documents mentioned in the reading notes for this section can you find on the site?A: This welcome statement clearly indicates the goal of manufacturing, marketing and distributing non-alcoholic beverages. There are links to sections such as ‘Our Beliefs’, ‘Our Diversity’, ‘Leadership’ and so on, which would come under the heading of mission statements and strategic goals.Activity 2—Obtain knowledge of the client business domainUse the Internet to answer the following questions about the Environment Protection Authority Victoria as an example of a potential client.Go to the website at
http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/, then select About EPA and EPA Organisation chart.
Q 2.1: In which directorate would you find the Community Relations department? A 2.1: Sustainable development
Q 2.2: Under which department does Regional Support Systems come?
A 2.2: Regional services
Q 2.3: If you wanted to apply for a job with the EPA, to which department would you address your application? A 2.3: Human Resources
Q 2.4: If you had a complaint about excessive noise at a neighbouring business premises, to which department would you complain?
A 2.4: Atmosphere and Noise
Activity 3—Identify stakeholders
Read the scenario below:
Southern Dental Services is a small dental practice in a regional town. There are two dentists: Pamela Jones and Brian Huang. The practice has four support staff to manage the day-to-day running of the practice: Jane Emerson, who looks after the appointments; Brenda Gale, who handles the accounts; Keith Dickson, who manages the patient details; and Pauline Santoro, who organises the ordering of supplies, etc. Pauline obtains most of the supplies for the clinic from David Andrews, who runs a business selling medical and dental supplies. She orders all the other office-related products from Peter Smith’s business, OfficeStuff. The clinic has five hundred patients on its books, some of whom, like Mrs Mary O’Halloran, have been coming to the clinic since it opened ten years ago.
Q: For each of the people listed here (Peter Smith, Keith Dickson, Mary O’Halloran, Brian Huang, David Andrews, Pauline Santoro), identify which type of stakeholder they represent from the following three choices: supplier, staff or client. Complete the table and check your answers in the Feedback.
A: Following table is shown the identifying stakeholders.
Determine and select methodology quiz
1. Answer TRUE or FALSE:
Q 1.1: An organisational chart gives an overview of staff and the functions of a business.
A 1.1: True
Q 1.2: An incremental methodology is best used for a system that has a clear, fixed set of objectives.
A 1.2: False
Q 2: A mission statement states the main purpose of the organisation and usually incorporates which of the following goals?
A 2: financial, social and/or environmental goals
Q 3: What is a traditional system development methodology?
A 3: Waterfall model
Q 4: Which methodology requires a high level of user involvement throughout the project?
A 4: Rapid application development (RAD)
2: Apply the selected development methodology
Refering to the previous section, you should already know about determining and selecting appropriate methodology for a given activity. This blog will help you to apply the appropriate systems development methodology to an activity.
In this section you will learn how to:
Create a project plan
Clearly describe project tasks
Define suitable project controls
Estimate task duration and cost
Sequence tasks
Estimate resource requirements
Monitor project flow
Review and document the project.
Apply the selected development methodology activities
Activity 1: Work breakdown structure
Try the top down method and break down the following goal into several tasks and subtasks and develop a simple work breakdown structure (WBS).Q: Develop a work breakdown structure for the LAN for Urban Wear’s new retail outlet.
A: This table is a possible WBS. Remember that every project manager may approach the tasks differently and this is just a sample for you to try out your WBS skills.
Activity 2: Factors that impact on time estimates
Q: What factors could impact on your time estimate for the installation and configuring of the workstations for the LAN from Activity 1?
A: There are many factors that may impact the installation and configuration of the workstations including delayed delivery of hardware, slippage of task dependencies (for example, if the network has not been configured before installation of workstation stats, it will not be possible to use the disk cloning tool to install the standard operating environment); workers skill level; availability of tools.
Activity 3: Determining the positions required
Your company, Herriard, which has a staff of 600 full time and 200 part time employees, has decided to introduce sales training techniques on their Intranet site. The training course needs a Learning Management System (LMS) which allocates units of work to the staff. Once in the system, the staff can receive automated feedback and trainers can view staff progress through the system. Herriard has decided to get an off-the-shelf product and adapt it to the company’s needs. You have been given the job of managing the project.
Q: List the job roles or positions that you would include in your team.
A: The team could be comprised of the following:
an instructional designer to design the structure of the site and to train staff
course writers
a graphic designer to create a shell to reflect corporate identity
a development team of 1–2 programmers to adapt the off-the-shelf Learner Management System to company needs
a part-time network engineer
a part-time server support
Activity 4: Gantt chart In your notebook, draw a Gantt chart corresponding to the specifications in the table below
Table: Gantt chart specifications
Figure : Gantt chart
Apply the selected development methodology quiz
Q 1: Which three processes are involved in the development of a project?
A 1: planning, assessing and monitoring
Q 2: Project controls are usually designed to focus on which three major aspects of project measurements?
A 2: monitoring and tracking progress, determining variation from plan, taking corrective action
Q 3: In which phase of a project would you estimate activity duration and resources?
A 3: Planning phase
Q 4: What is the primary goal of a project review?
A 4: to answer questions about the conduct of the project for the benefit of future projects
Posted by LeK_kY at
8:35 PM Thursday, October 23, 2008
ICAW4027B Relate to clients on a business levelPosted by LeK_kY at
5:26 PM Tuesday, October 21, 2008
ICAW4214A Maintain ethical conduct training noteLearning outcomes
This unit studys for knowledge and skills development for ICAW4214A Maintain ethical conduct:
Protect the interests of clients
Produce quality products and services
Ensure correct representation
Produce code of ethics
Maintain good work practices.
Topics in this unit
There are two topics in this unit to help you develop your knowledge and skills in maintaining ethical conduct.
1. Ethics in ICTOliver Burmeister, Chair of the Australian Computer Society's (ACS) Committee on Computer Ethics, discusses the role of the ACS, the ACS Code of Ethics, ethical issues that arise in the ICT industry, resolving ethical issues and adapting a code of ethics within an organisation.
What does ‘professionalism’ and ‘ethical behaviour’ mean in the ICT industry?
Tools such as a code of ethics provide organisations and workers with a common standard for ethical behaviour when dealing with colleagues, clients and the public. The Australian Computer Society (ACS) has developed a code of ethics that is widely adopted within the ICT industry. This code is now under review, with the view to updating the code to reflect the current ICT industry and issues. In this topic you’ll hear about the ACS and the ACS code of ethics, as well as a discussion of some ethical issues that arise in the ICT industry.This presentation is given by Oliver Burmeister, Chair of the Ethics Committee of the ACS, and Lecturer in Information Technology, Charles Sturt University. Some TAFE students studying IT also contribute their thoughts on some ethical issues.
2. Privacy legislationCommissioner Les McCrimmon, from the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC), discusses the Federal Privacy Act 1988, and the sweeping reviews to Federal and State privacy laws that the Law Reform Commission is undertaking. This review and impending changes to privacy laws will impact the ICT industry when new legislation is enacted sometime after 2008.
How does the Federal Privacy Act 1988 apply to businesses and how does it govern the handling of information?
In this topic, I heared the Privacy Act 1988 explained in terms of how a business needs to interpret the Act and apply the Principles to its business and IT systems. Importantly, the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) is leading a review of Federal and State privacy (and related) legislation due to the age of the Act and developments in technology since the Privacy Act came into force in 1988.
This presentation is given by Professor Les McCrimmon who is a Commissioner at the ALRC
Activities
ScenariosFor each scenario given here decide whether the behaviour is illegal or unethical.
1. Unethical or illegal?
In this activity you’ll need to determine whether workplace scenarios show unethical or illegal behaviour.
Scenario 1.1Your boss takes three weeks leave. One of your colleagues takes two days leave during this period. They do not submit the appropriate form for taking leave. You say nothing to your colleague or to your boss when she returns.
A: Unethical; There is no law to say this is illegal. However, this should be managed within the workplace. Other managers may need to take over responsibility to ensure that this practice does not occur.
Scenario 1.2A colleague buys a cappuccino from petty cash.
A: Illegal: Even though it may sound minor, it is theft, and therefore illegal.
Scenario 1.3
A person starts their own business providing quotes for interior design work for residences. They do not include in their quotes delivery of the goods or installation.
A: Unethical: This is misleading information.
Scenario 1.4
An employee is completing their studies part-time in the evenings. They take stationery from work for their own use, including pens and writing paper.
A: Illegal: It is theft and therefore illegal.
2. Prioritisation or professional judgment?
Scenario 2.1
Read the scenario carefully, then determine which ethical approach was used by Sam to deal with the unethical behaviour: prioritisation or professional judgement. Then select any sections from the two Codes of Ethics that apply to Sam’s situation.
Sam works for ABC Company. His boss has recently been going through a divorce which drained him emotionally and financially. His boss was found to be exploiting the ABC funds: he had written cheques for $5000 for his personal use. The management is sympathetic to his situation. Sam’s boss is now paying back the money on a monthly basis.
The ACS and ACM were advised of the situation. The ACS revoked his membership as he had violated the Code of Ethics 4.10.2 ‘I must not knowingly engage in, or be associated with, dishonest or fraudulent practices’. The ACM revoked his membership as he had violated the Code of Ethics 2.3 ‘Know and respect existing laws pertaining to professional work’.
Everyone at ABC Company was shocked when they heard the news. Sam’s boss’s colleagues have reacted in different ways. Sam has decided to be civil to his boss. He continues to work with him in the best way possible but does distance himself from him.
A: In this case, the considering that Sam used for his judgement was based on the ACS Code of Ethics 4.10.5 ‘I must distance myself professionally from someone whose membership of the Society has been terminated because of unethical behaviour or unsatisfactory conduct.’
Sam followed the Prioritisation method. Stealing money from a company is illegal. In some circumstances this may cause major problems for anyone in the public who uses their services.
Scenario 2.2
What ethical method has Carlos used, professional judgement or prioritisation? And what has he based his judgement on?
Carlos tries to convince his colleagues to attend a 1-week course. None of them can afford it. He approaches his boss to provide funding for the course. He finds out the department has already overspent this year’s budget.
Carlos creates his own 3-day compact version of the course and delivers this to his colleagues.
A: Prioritisation is correct here. ACS Code of Ethics states in 4.9, ‘I must encourage my colleagues, employees and students to continue their own professional development.’
ACM Code of Ethics states in 3.6 ‘Create opportunities for members of the organisation to learn the principles and limitations of computer systems.’
Carlos recognises the importance of the information for his colleagues. He goes beyond encouraging them to attend and creates a compact version of the course.
3. Develop a Code of Ethics
Scenario
You work for the ABC Computer Company. They sell computer hardware and software. They do not undertake repairs or software installation. Computers or components are covered by their 1 year warranty. If there is a problem, they are either sent to another company for repairs, or else replaced.
ABC Computer Company has now decided to create a website to sell their products, as well as a product blog. This is intended for staff to write a commentary on a particular product. As the product becomes obsolete, staff will write about the updated product. The blog will display an image of the product and its price. It will provide a link to the product where the full information can be found. Any reader can leave comments on the product.
The ABC Computer Company Code of Ethics needs to take into account the blog on the website and readers’ comments. For each of the values and ideas in the Australian Computer Society’s Code of Ethics, write a report on how this relates to the blogging section of the website.
Are the values and ideals appropriate?
The values and ideals are developed into standards of conduct. How can these be applied to the ABC Company product blog?
A: ABC Company Code of Ethics
Applying a Code of Ethics for staff writing the product blog is appropriate. This can be discussed, applied and controlled within ABC Computer Company. However, all readers may not comply with the Code of Ethics. The ABC Computer Company could restrict access to the blog by only allowing registered users. If any inappropriate material is written, they could then block that person.
The following questions need to be considered when developing your Code of Ethics.
Priorities
How is the Code of Ethics applied to the blog, and is it appropriate?
Should any reader’s comments be acknowledged?
Should there be a policy introduced to have the acknowledgement sent within a week, within a day or immediately?
Should this be automatically generated and sent immediately, or personally sent by the staff member?
Competence
How will you know if the reader’s response is competent?
How will you know that what they say about a product is professional? Maybe they have no idea How to install the product and they leave a comment that the component does not work?
Honesty
How will you know if the reader’s comments are honest?
How will you respond if you believe they are not?
Social implications
How does this apply to a reader’s comments?How will their comments affect the business’s reputation?
Professional development
The information provided on the product should increase the readers’ knowledge and therefore, add to their professional development.
Any information the reader can provide will enhance other readers’ professional development.
Should comments made by the reader be referenced?
IT professional
How will you measure the integrity of the comments made by the reader?
How will you manage the situation if a reader starts commenting on another reader’s comments?
Posted by LeK_kY at
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_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_FollowersView', new _WidgetInfo('Followers1', 'sidebar',{'main': {'varName': '', 'template': '\74b:if cond\75\47data:title !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:codeSnippet !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74h2 class\75\47title\47\76\74data:title\76\74/data:title\76\74/h2\76\n\74b:else\76\74/b:else\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:totalFollowerCount !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74h2 class\75\47title\47\76\74data:title\76\74/data:title\76 (\74data:totalFollowerCount\76\74/data:totalFollowerCount\76)\74/h2\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74div expr:id\75\47data:widget.instanceId + \46quot;-wrapper\46quot;\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:codeSnippet !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74div style\75\47margin:2px;\47\76\n\74data:codeSnippet\76\74/data:codeSnippet\76\n\74/div\76\n\74b:else\76\74/b:else\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:totalFollowerCount \75\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74span class\75\47item-control following-not-admin\47\76\n\74b\76\74data:failureSnippet\76\74/data:failureSnippet\76\74/b\76\n\74/span\76\n\74span class\75\47item-control blog-admin\47\76\n\74b\76\74data:adminFailureSnippet\76\74/data:adminFailureSnippet\76\74/b\76\n\74/span\76\n\74b:else\76\74/b:else\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:followingLinkPresent\47\76\n\74div class\75\47follow-this profile-link item-control following-follow-this\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47\46quot;javascript:_FollowersView._openPopup(\\\46quot;\46quot; + data:followUri + \46quot;\\\46quot;);\46quot;\47\76\n\74data:followThisMessage\76\74/data:followThisMessage\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/div\76\n\74div class\75\47follow-this profile-link item-control following-stop-following-this\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47\46quot;javascript:_FollowersView._openPopup(\\\46quot;\46quot; + data:followUri + \46quot;\\\46quot;);\46quot;\47\76\n\74data:stopFollowingMessage\76\74/data:stopFollowingMessage\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74div class\75\47followers-grid\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:totalFollowerCount \75\75 0\47\76\n\74div class\75\47profile-link item-control following-follow-this\47\76\n\74data:emptyFollowersMessage\76\74/data:emptyFollowersMessage\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:loop values\75\47data:followers\47 var\75\47follower\47\76\n\74div class\75\47follower\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47data:follower.profileUrl\47 expr:title\75\47data:follower.displayName\47 rel\75\47nofollow\47\76\n\74img class\75\47follower-img\47 expr:alt\75\47data:follower.displayName\47 expr:height\75\47data:follower.imageHeight\47 expr:onerror\75\47\46quot;this.onerror\75null;this.src\75\\\46quot;\46quot; + data:anonFollowerImageUrl + \46quot;\\\46quot;;\46quot;\47 expr:onload\75\47\46quot;setAttributeOnload(this, \\\46quot;src\\\46quot;, \\\46quot;\46quot; + data:follower.imageUrl + \46quot;\\\46quot;)\46quot;\47 expr:width\75\47data:follower.imageWidth\47 src\75\47http://img1.blogblog.com/img/blank.gif\47/\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/b:loop\76\n\74div class\75\47clear\47\76\74/div\76\n\74/div\76\n\74div class\75\47followers-canvas profile-link\47\76\n\74data:followersFooterMessage\76\74/data:followersFooterMessage\76\n\74span class\75\47item-control following-not-admin\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47data:followersUri\47\76\n\74data:viewAllMessage\76\74/data:viewAllMessage\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/span\76\n\74span class\75\47item-control blog-admin\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47data:manageFollowersUri\47\76\n\74data:manageFollowersMessage\76\74/data:manageFollowersMessage\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/span\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:include name\75\47quickedit\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/div\076'}}, document.getElementById('Followers1'), {'title': 'Followers', 'codeSnippet': '', 'followUri': 'http://www.blogger.com/follow-blog.g?blogID\758737123134939863120', 'followersUri': 'http://www.blogger.com/followers.g?blogID\758737123134939863120', 'manageFollowersUri': 'http://www.blogger.com/manage-followers.g?blogID\758737123134939863120', 'anonFollowerImageUrl': 'http://www.blogger.com/img/anon-follower.png', 'followers': [], 'totalFollowerCount': 0, 'widgetId': 'Followers1', 'blogId': '8737123134939863120', 'followingLinkPresent': true, 'followThisMessage': 'Follow this blog', 'followersMessage': 'All followers', 'viewAllMessage': 'View All', 'manageFollowersMessage': 'Manage', 'learnMoreMessage': 'Learn more', 'learnMoreUri': 'http://help.blogger.com/bin/answer.py?answer\7599543', 'emptyFollowersMessage': 'Be the first to \n \74a href\75\42javascript:_FollowersView._openPopup(\47http://www.blogger.com/follow-blog.g?blogID\758737123134939863120\47);\42\76\n follow \74/a\76 this blog', 'followersFooterMessage': '0 Followers', 'stopFollowingMessage': 'Stop following'}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogArchiveView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogArchive1', 'sidebar',{'main': {'varName': '', 'template': '\74b:if cond\75\47data:title\47\76\n\74h2\76\74data:title\76\74/data:title\76\74/h2\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74div class\75\47widget-content\47\76\n\74div id\75\47ArchiveList\47\76\n\74div expr:id\75\47data:widget.instanceId + \46quot;_ArchiveList\46quot;\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:style \75\75 \46quot;HIERARCHY\46quot;\47\76\n\74b:include data\75\47data\47 name\75\47interval\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:style \75\75 \46quot;FLAT\46quot;\47\76\n\74b:include data\75\47data\47 name\75\47flat\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:style \75\75 \46quot;MENU\46quot;\47\76\n\74b:include data\75\47data\47 name\75\47menu\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/div\76\n\74/div\76\n\74b:include name\75\47quickedit\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/div\076'}, 'flat': {'varName': 'data', 'template': '\74ul\76\n\74b:loop values\75\47data:data\47 var\75\47i\47\76\n\74li class\75\47archivedate\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47data:i.url\47\76\74data:i.name\76\74/data:i.name\76\74/a\76 (\74data:i.post-count\76\74/data:i.post-count\76)\n \74/li\76\n\74/b:loop\76\n\74/ul\076'}, 'menu': {'varName': 'data', 'template': '\74select expr:id\75\47data:widget.instanceId + \46quot;_ArchiveMenu\46quot;\47\76\n\74option value\75\47\47\76\74data:title\76\74/data:title\76\74/option\76\n\74b:loop values\75\47data:data\47 var\75\47i\47\76\n\74option expr:value\75\47data:i.url\47\76\74data:i.name\76\74/data:i.name\76 (\74data:i.post-count\76\74/data:i.post-count\76)\74/option\76\n\74/b:loop\76\n\74/select\076'}, 'interval': {'varName': 'intervalData', 'template': '\74b:loop values\75\47data:intervalData\47 var\75\47i\47\76\n\74ul\76\n\74li expr:class\75\47\46quot;archivedate \46quot; + data:i.expclass\47\76\n\74b:include data\75\47i\47 name\75\47toggle\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74a class\75\47post-count-link\47 expr:href\75\47data:i.url\47\76\74data:i.name\76\74/data:i.name\76\74/a\76\n\74span class\75\47post-count\47 dir\75\47ltr\47\76(\74data:i.post-count\76\74/data:i.post-count\76)\74/span\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:i.data\47\76\n\74b:include data\75\47i.data\47 name\75\47interval\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:i.posts\47\76\n\74b:include data\75\47i.posts\47 name\75\47posts\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/li\76\n\74/ul\76\n\74/b:loop\076'}, 'toggle': {'varName': 'interval', 'template': '\74b:if cond\75\47data:interval.toggleId\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:interval.expclass \75\75 \46quot;expanded\46quot;\47\76\n\74a class\75\47toggle\47 expr:href\75\47data:widget.actionUrl + \46quot;\46amp;action\75toggle\46quot; + \46quot;\46amp;dir\75close\46amp;toggle\75\46quot; + data:interval.toggleId + \46quot;\46amp;toggleopen\75\46quot; + data:toggleopen\47\76\n\74span class\75\47zippy toggle-open\47\76\46#9660; \74/span\76\n\74/a\76\n\74b:else\76\74/b:else\76\n\74a class\75\47toggle\47 expr:href\75\47data:widget.actionUrl + \46quot;\46amp;action\75toggle\46quot; + \46quot;\46amp;dir\75open\46amp;toggle\75\46quot; + data:interval.toggleId + \46quot;\46amp;toggleopen\75\46quot; + data:toggleopen\47\76\n\74span class\75\47zippy\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:blog.languageDirection \75\75 \46quot;rtl\46quot;\47\76\n \46#9668;\n \74b:else\76\74/b:else\76\n \46#9658;\n \74/b:if\76\n\74/span\76\n\74/a\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74/b:if\076'}, 'posts': {'varName': 'posts', 'template': '\74ul class\75\47posts\47\76\n\74b:loop values\75\47data:posts\47 var\75\47i\47\76\n\74li\76\74a expr:href\75\47data:i.url\47\76\74data:i.title\76\74/data:i.title\76\74/a\76\74/li\76\n\74/b:loop\76\n\74/ul\076'}}, document.getElementById('BlogArchive1'), {'languageDirection': 'ltr'}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_ProfileView', new _WidgetInfo('Profile1', 'sidebar',{'main': {'varName': '', 'template': '\74b:if cond\75\47data:title !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74h2\76\74data:title\76\74/data:title\76\74/h2\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74div class\75\47widget-content\47\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:team \75\75 \46quot;true\46quot;\47\76\n\74ul\76\n\74b:loop values\75\47data:authors\47 var\75\47i\47\76\n\74li\76\74a expr:href\75\47data:i.userUrl\47\76\74data:i.display-name\76\74/data:i.display-name\76\74/a\76\74/li\76\n\74/b:loop\76\n\74/ul\76\n\74b:else\76\74/b:else\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:photo.url !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\n\74a expr:href\75\47data:userUrl\47\76\74img class\75\47profile-img\47 expr:alt\75\47data:photo.alt\47 expr:height\75\47data:photo.height\47 expr:src\75\47data:photo.url\47 expr:width\75\47data:photo.width\47/\76\74/a\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74dl class\75\47profile-datablock\47\76\n\74dt class\75\47profile-data\47\76\74data:displayname\76\74/data:displayname\76\74/dt\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:showlocation \75\75 \46quot;true\46quot;\47\76\n\74dd class\75\47profile-data\47\76\74data:location\76\74/data:location\76\74/dd\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:if cond\75\47data:aboutme !\75 \46quot;\46quot;\47\76\74dd class\75\47profile-textblock\47\76\74data:aboutme\76\74/data:aboutme\76\74/dd\76\74/b:if\76\n\74/dl\76\n\74a class\75\47profile-link\47 expr:href\75\47data:userUrl\47\76\74data:viewProfileMsg\76\74/data:viewProfileMsg\76\74/a\76\n\74/b:if\76\n\74b:include name\75\47quickedit\47\76\74/b:include\76\n\74/div\076'}}, document.getElementById('Profile1'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HeaderView', new _WidgetInfo('Header1', 'header'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_NavbarView', new _WidgetInfo('Navbar1', 'navbar'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogView', new _WidgetInfo('Blog1', 'main'));
